Periodic table (standard)

This is a typical display of the periodic table of the elements and contains the symbol and atomic number of each element. The periodic table of the chemical elements is a tabular method of displaying the chemical elements. Although precursors to this table exist, its invention is generally credited to Russian chemist Dmitri Mendeleev in 1869. Mendeleev intended the table to illustrate recurring ("periodic") trends in the properties of the elements. The layout of the table has been refined and extended over time, as new elements have been discovered, and new theoretical models have been developed to explain chemical behavior.[1]

The periodic table is now ubiquitous within the academic discipline of chemistry, providing an extremely useful framework to classify, systematize and compare all the many different forms of chemical behavior. The table has also found wide application in physics, biology, engineering, and industry. The current standard table contains 118 elements as of 12 March 2010.[2] However, only the first 112 elements are officially confirmed by the IUPAC, as of June 2009[3].

Table

Group # 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
Period
1 1
H
2
He
2 3
Li		 4
Be
5
B		 6
C		 7
N		 8
O		 9
F		 10
Ne
3 11
Na		 12
Mg
13
Al		 14
Si		 15
P		 16
S		 17
Cl		 18
Ar
4 19
K		 20
Ca		 21
Sc		 22
Ti		 23
V		 24
Cr		 25
Mn		 26
Fe		 27
Co		 28
Ni		 29
Cu		 30
Zn		 31
Ga		 32
Ge		 33
As		 34
Se		 35
Br		 36
Kr
5 37
Rb		 38
Sr		 39
Y		 40
Zr		 41
Nb		 42
Mo		 43
Tc		 44
Ru		 45
Rh		 46
Pd		 47
Ag		 48
Cd		 49
In		 50
Sn		 51
Sb		 52
Te		 53
I		 54
Xe
6 55
Cs		 56
Ba		 *
 72
Hf		 73
Ta		 74
W		 75
Re		 76
Os		 77
Ir		 78
Pt		 79
Au		 80
Hg		 81
Tl		 82
Pb		 83
Bi		 84
Po		 85
At		 86
Rn
7 87
Fr		 88
Ra		 **
 104
Rf		 105
Db		 106
Sg		 107
Bh		 108
Hs		 109
Mt		 110
Ds		 111
Rg		 112
Cn		 113
Uut		 114
Uuq		 115
Uup		 116
Uuh		 117
Uus		 118
Uuo

* Lanthanoids 57
La		 58
Ce		 59
Pr		 60
Nd		 61
Pm		 62
Sm		 63
Eu		 64
Gd		 65
Tb		 66
Dy		 67
Ho		 68
Er		 69
Tm		 70
Yb		 71
Lu
** Actinoids 89
Ac		 90
Th		 91
Pa		 92
U		 93
Np		 94
Pu		 95
Am		 96
Cm		 97
Bk		 98
Cf		 99
Es		 100
Fm		 101
Md		 102
No		 103
Lr

This common arrangement of the periodic table separates the lanthanoids and actinoids (the f-block) from other elements. The wide periodic table incorporates the f-block. The extended periodic table adds the 8th and 9th periods, incorporating the f-block and adding the theoretical g-block.

Element categories in the periodic table

Metals Metalloids Nonmetals Unknown
chemical
properties
Alkali metals Alkaline earth metals Inner transition elements Transition elements Other metals Other nonmetals Halogens Noble gases
Lanthanides Actinides
Atomic number colors show state at standard temperature and pressure (0 °C and 1 atm)
Solids Liquids Gases Unknown
Borders show natural occurrence
Primordial From decay Synthetic (Undiscovered)

See also

References

  1. ↑ "The periodic table of the elements". International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. 2007-07-22. http://www.iupac.org/didac/Didac%20Eng/Didac01/Content/S01.htm. Retrieved 2008-02-08. 
  2. ↑ The discovery of ununseptium was published in April 2010. [1]
  3. ↑ Copernicium's discovery (by the German GSI) was officially confirmed in May 2009, and received its name in February 2010.
Periodic tables
Layouts
Standard · Large table · Inline f-block · Vertical · Text only · Metals and nonmetals · Blocks · Valences · Extension beyond the 7th period · Electron configurations · Electronegativities · Alternatives · Crystal structure
List of elements by
Name etymology (symbol) (after places, after people) · Discovery · Oxidation state · Abundance (in humans) · Nuclear stability · Hardness · Atomic properties
Groups
1 (Alkali metals) · 2 (Alkaline earth metals) · 3 · 4 · 5 · 6 · 7 · 8 · 9 · 10 · 11 · 12 · 13 (Boron group) · 14 (Carbon group) · 15 (Pnictogens) · 16 (Chalcogens) · 17 (Halogens) · 18 (Noble gases)
Other element categories
Periods · Metals · Transition metals · Metalloids · Nonmetals · Lanthanides · Actinides · Rare earth elements · Platinum group metals (PGMs) · Post-transition metals
Blocks
s-block · p-block · d-block · f-block
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